arXiv cs.AI· Paul Bouchaud, Pedro Ramaciotti·· 10 天前AI 评分42
X 推荐系统无意中刻画用户意识形态立场
Recommender system in X inadvertently profiles ideological positions of users
AI 导读
研究基于 X 向法国 682 名志愿者展示的 250 万条「Who to Follow」推荐，重建了 X 推荐系统对 26,509 个账号的嵌入向量近似值，并计算经调查校准的意识形态分数。该嵌入中存在一个按左—右排序的方向（Pearson rho = 0.887），与年龄、性别或热度方向不同，且会影响推荐结果；移除该方向可在准确率小幅下降的情况下提升推荐多样性。
正文 · 原文
Abstract:Several data protection laws restrict processing that reveals political opinions, irrespective of the controller's intent. Whether recommender systems do so as a by-product of optimizing relevance has not been measured. From 2.5 million ``Who to Follow'' recommendations shown to 682 volunteers in France, we reconstructed an approximation of the embedding used by X's recommender for 26,509 accounts, computing survey-calibrated ideology scores. One direction in this embedding orders users by Left-Right position (Pearson rho = 0.887), distinct from directions tracking age, gender or popularity. We show this scale exists and affects the recommendations computed from the embedding. Removing it diversified recommendations at a limited cost in accuracy. We document a consequential form of emergent political representation that current definitions of profiling do not clearly address.
| Subjects: | Social and Information Networks (cs.SI); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Computers and Society (cs.CY) |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2602.02624 [cs.SI] |
| (or arXiv:2602.02624v2 [cs.SI] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.02624 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite |
Submission history
From: Pedro Ramaciotti [view email]
[v1]
Mon, 2 Feb 2026 16:22:56 UTC (3,717 KB)
[v2]
Tue, 6 Oct 2026 12:04:17 UTC (10,250 KB)
来源：arXiv cs.AI · arxiv.org