因果世界模型何时能帮助模块化 LLM 智能体？CausalCompose 框架给出答案

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Abstract:LLM agents increasingly operate in modular systems, where planning requires coordinating multiple functional components whose actions can causally change downstream states and behaviors. This makes intervention-aware prediction essential: an agent must anticipate not only what is likely to happen next, but what will happen as a consequence of its own actions. We find that purely observational world models can incur irreducible intervention-time error in such systems, even when they accurately model observational trajectories. To address this limitation, we propose CausalCompose, a causal world-model framework that equips modular LLM agents with causal structure for intervention-aware prediction and planning. We theoretically show that causal composition can overcome this intervention gap with sufficient evidence and controlled local error. Experiments across diverse modular agent environments validate these results: incorporating causal structure consistently improves intervention-sensitive reasoning and planning, with particularly clear gains in structured tool-use systems where causal dependencies directly govern action execution. Our results show when causal world models help modular LLM agents: when causal dependencies are identifiable and actionable for planning.

Submission history

From: Zekun Cai [view email]
[v1] Sun, 12 Jul 2026 04:03:37 UTC (2,830 KB)
[v2] Thu, 29 Oct 2026 13:53:05 UTC (3,732 KB)