SWE-Opt：评估 LLM 在面向性能的仓库级优化任务上的基准

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Abstract:Software performance optimization is a notoriously complex and manual task. Despite the growing use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for code refinement, we still lack benchmarks that capture how optimization actually happens in real-world codebases. Existing frameworks often oversimplify the problem by focusing on isolated functions or a single performance metric, missing the critical trade-offs between execution time and memory footprint, the inherent noise of the measurement environment, and the variability introduced by different input data and execution conditions. We address this by introducing SWE-Opt, a repository-level benchmark derived from 102 expert-written optimizations from open-source projects. Unlike previous benchmarks, SWE-Opt pairs each task with parameterized tests to evaluate runtime, peak memory, and Time-Weighted Memory Usage (TWMU) across varying input data and execution conditions under noise-aware measurement conditions. Our evaluation shows that current LLMs struggle significantly: runtime gains are sparse and inconsistent, and memory optimizations are nearly non-existent. An agentic setting with iterative repository exploration improves patch correctness substantially but does not translate into performance gains. This stands in sharp contrast to expert implementations, which achieve an aggregate speedup of 15.5x and peak memory reduction of 171.3x over benchmark tasks. Expert-written improvements are observed in 93.1% of tasks for runtime and 70.6% for peak memory. Our findings expose a substantial gap between current LLM capabilities and the demands of expert-level engineering.

Submission history

From: Ezgi Sarıkayak [view email]
[v1] Wed, 24 Jun 2026 08:07:41 UTC (166 KB)
[v2] Sat, 31 Oct 2026 15:20:05 UTC (168 KB)