arXiv cs.AI· Stine Lyngs{\o} Beltoft, Jonas Vistrup, Peter Schneider-Kamp, Lukas Galke Poech·· 10 小时前AI 评分31
活宪法：主权基础模型的参与式对齐
Living constitutions: Participatory alignment for sovereign foundation models
AI 导读
针对 Constitutional AI 中"谁来制定宪法、谁决定纳入哪些规范"的难题，研究提出将宪法制定视为类似公民科学的持续参与式过程，并给出迭代、模块化、可辩护、立场化、正当性五项原则。宪法条款需标注为已定、争议中或未定，以记录而非消解持久分歧。基于智能体的建模显示，该流程在公民中 50% 为恶意行为者、协商机构中 75% 参与者怀有善意时仍保持稳健。
正文 · 原文
Abstract:In Constitutional AI, a plain-text "constitution" encodes values and gets incorporated into a model via post-training. However, the procedure for creating such a constitution poses significant challenges: who contributes, who decides which norms are included, and to what extent must the process be participatory or democratic? These challenges can be paralyzing. Yet, we argue that taking action is essential: without a deliberate constitution, sovereign models would risk misalignment or default to norms set by frontier model providers. We propose treating the development of a constitution as an evolving, participatory process akin to citizen science, iteratively drafted, tested, and refined. We therefore formulate five desirable principles: iterative, modular, justifiable, positional, and legitimate. We further argue that such a document must remain responsive not only over time but across the people it governs, and propose that provisions be marked as settled, contested, or underdetermined, so that durable disagreement is recorded in the constitution rather than resolved away. Empirically, we show via agent-based modelling that proposed process for maintaining living constitutions is robust against 50% bad actors among citizens - assuming a share of 75% participants with good intent in the deliberative body. This indicates that the proposed process tolerates a substantial share of adversarial participants.
| Subjects: | Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2611.13402 [cs.AI] |
| (or arXiv:2611.13402v1 [cs.AI] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2611.13402 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) |
Submission history
From: Stine Beltoft [view email]
[v1]
Tue, 10 Nov 2026 00:32:24 UTC (848 KB)
来源：arXiv cs.AI · arxiv.org