arXiv cs.CY· Yifan He, Manon Reusens, Sofie Goethals, David Martens·· 5 天前AI 评分37
研究：LLM 如何为全球 193 个国家的人类时间定价
A Global View of How LLMs Value Human Time
AI 导读
一项覆盖 193 个国家、5 个 LLM 的研究发现，LLM 对全球用户时间的估值存在明显地域差异：对欧洲用户的 60 分钟预约延迟给出的补偿最高，对非洲用户大多最低。基于 GDP_PPP 衡量，LLM 低估了亚洲和南美用户的时间价值，且在不同提示词变体下稳健性不一。
正文 · 原文
Abstract:Large language models (LLMs) increasingly act as personal assistants; however, little is known about how they capture national-level preferences on a global scale. Given that "time" is a universal and representative concept, we examine LLMs' time preferences by varying only users' country and measuring the compensation LLMs deem appropriate for a 60-minute appointment delay. We then compare LLMs' responses with GDP per capita on Purchasing Power Parity (GDP_PPP), Mean Income, and a literature-based index (Patience Score). Our results across 193 countries and 5 LLMs demonstrate that people's time across the world is evaluated in noticeably different ways among LLMs, as well as varying levels of robustness under prompt variations. LLMs consistently recommend the highest compensation for Europe, but mostly the lowest for Africa. Based on GDP_PPP, LLMs underestimate the value of time for users living in Asia and South America. These findings indicate that geographical patterns are embedded in LLMs and may translate in different treatment in agentic settings.
| Subjects: | Computers and Society (cs.CY); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2610.18515 [cs.CY] |
| (or arXiv:2610.18515v2 [cs.CY] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2610.18515 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite |
Submission history
From: Yifan He [view email]
[v1]
Tue, 13 Oct 2026 15:08:38 UTC (5,300 KB)
[v2]
Wed, 14 Oct 2026 08:41:00 UTC (5,300 KB)
来源：arXiv cs.CY · arxiv.org